Notable Education Ordinances:

  1. 1882 Education Ordinance (for Gold Coast & Lagos):

    • First formal structure for grant-aided schools.

    • Categorized schools into Government and Assisted.

  2. 1887 Ordinance:

    • Extended control, introduced standard exams.

    • Set qualifications for teachers.

  3. 1916 Ordinance:

    • Recognized the need for local participation in education.

    • Led to gradual government expansion into Northern Nigeria.

Major Reforms:

  • Phelps-Stokes Commission (1920–1924):

    • Highlighted neglect of African needs and called for vocational and community-based education.

  • 1944 10-Year Development Plan:

    • Massive expansion in school building and teacher training.

  • Elliot and Ashby Commissions (1945 & 1959):

    • Recommended the establishment of Nigerian universities.

  • Regionalization (1950s):

    • Western Region introduced free primary education in 1955.

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