Strengths:

  1. Relevance to Community Life – Education was directly tied to survival and local culture.

  2. Holistic Development – Focused on moral, physical, social, and emotional growth.

  3. Low Cost & Accessible – No schools or textbooks were required.

  4. Lifelong Learning – Education continued throughout life via mentorship and participation.

Limitations:

  1. Lack of Formal Structures – No standardized curriculum or certification.

  2. Limited Innovation – Repetitive and resistant to change.

  3. Exclusion of Some Groups – Some knowledge was gender-restricted or reserved for elders.

  4. Absence of Scientific/Technological Content – Did not address modern industrial or digital skills.

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