Medieval Period:

• Dominated by the Church, especially monasteries and cathedral schools.

• Latin was the language of instruction.

• Purpose: Training clergy and religious elites.

Renaissance (14th–17th Century):

• Rebirth of classical learning (Greek and Roman ideals).

• Humanism emerged: focus on man, reason, and individual potential.

• Education began to shift from religious to secular and scientific knowledge.

Reformation (16th Century):

• Led by Martin Luther; emphasized universal literacy to read the Bible.

• Protestant regions developed formal schooling systems.

• Education became more accessible and less church-dominated.

Industrial Revolution (18th–19th Century):

• Demand for skilled labor led to mass education.

• State-sponsored schooling expanded.

• Reforms emphasized practical skills, science, and discipline.